PEMDAS tricks and shortcuts
You know the rule. But applying it under exam pressure is another thing. Here are the mental shortcuts that save time and prevent mistakes.
Trick 1: "Spot the × or ÷ first"
Before you put pen to paper, scan the expression for × or ÷ symbols. They're the first thing to compute (after brackets). Marking them mentally helps you see the structure.
12 + 3 × 5 − 2
Spotted: × in the middle. So this is really `12 + (3 × 5) − 2`, even though the parentheses aren't written.
100 − 8 + 4 × 2
Spotted: × at the end. So this is really `100 − 8 + (4 × 2)`.
Trick 2: "If there are no × or ÷, just go left to right"
When the expression has only + and −, there's no priority puzzle — just go left to right. Same when it has only × and ÷.
50 − 20 + 8 = 30 + 8 = 38. Easy.
60 ÷ 5 × 2 = 12 × 2 = 24. Easy.
Trick 3: "Brackets shout 'me first!'"
The moment you see `(`, that's your starting point. Compute inside the brackets, write down the result, and rewrite the expression without them.
3 × (8 + 2) − 5
Inside: 8 + 2 = 10. Rewrite: 3 × 10 − 5. Continue: × first, 3 × 10 = 30. Then 30 − 5 = 25.
Trick 4: "Show your steps"
A pencil costs nothing. Write the expression below each transformation:
2 × (4 + 5) − 3
= 2 × 9 − 3
= 18 − 3
= 15
This is the single most reliable way to avoid mistakes. Each line is one step.
Trick 5: "Watch for the trap multiplications"
These are the most common error patterns:
- `a + b × c`: it's `a + (b × c)`, not `(a + b) × c`.
- `a − b × c`: it's `a − (b × c)`, not `(a − b) × c`. (Easy to forget.)
- `a ÷ b × c`: left to right, not `a ÷ (b × c)`.
Trick 6: "Hidden brackets in fractions"
In a written fraction, the top and the bottom act like they're each in brackets, even if no brackets are visible.
12 / (3 + 1)
Mental parentheses: `(12) / (3 + 1) = 12 / 4 = 3`. With a typed `12 / 3 + 1`, the answer would instead be `(12/3) + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5`.
A self-check: "if I read this differently, do I get a different answer?"
Whenever you compute an expression, ask yourself: "Would a different reading give a different answer?" If yes, double-check that you used the rule.
Worked traps
Trap 1
20 − 5 × 2
Wrong way: 20 − 5 = 15, then 15 × 2 = 30. Wrong.
Right way: 5 × 2 = 10, then 20 − 10 = 10.
Trap 2
24 ÷ 4 × 2
Wrong way: 4 × 2 = 8, then 24 ÷ 8 = 3. Wrong.
Right way: left to right within level 2. 24 ÷ 4 = 6, then 6 × 2 = 12.
Trap 3
(3 + 2) × (4 − 1)
Each set of brackets first: 5 × 3 = 15. Don't try to "distribute" — Year 5 doesn't need that.